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Zr - Zirconium

ZrO2 zirconium oxide nanoparticles/nanopowder

 

 

Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that closely resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. Zirconium is mainly used in nuclear reactors due to its excellent corrosion resistance, good heat resistance, and very low absorption cross-section for thermal neutrons. 

Physical Characteristics

  • Appearance: Silvery white, metallic.
  • Atomic Mass: Approximately 91.224 atomic mass units.
  • Density: About 6.52 grams per cubic centimeter at room temperature.
  • Melting Point: 1855°C (3371°F).
  • Boiling Point: 4409°C (7968°F).

Applications

  1. Nuclear Industry: The most significant use of zirconium is in nuclear reactors, particularly in the cladding of fuel rods. Zirconium’s low neutron-capture cross-section and high resistance to corrosion in the harsh reactor environment make it ideal for this application.

  2. Chemical Industry: Due to its excellent corrosion resistance, zirconium is used in aggressive environments, such as in the construction of chemical processing equipment and in the manufacture of pumps, valves, and heat exchangers.

  3. Biomedical Devices: Zirconium’s biocompatibility makes it suitable for dental implants and other biomedical devices. Its compounds, such as zirconium oxide (zirconia), are used in dental ceramics due to their durability and aesthetic qualities.

Compounds

  1. Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO₂), or Zirconia: Used in ceramics, refractories, and as a diamond substitute in jewelry. It’s also used in dental implants and crowns due to its strength and compatibility with human tissue.

  2. Zirconium Carbide (ZrC): Known for its high hardness and resistance to heat, it’s used in cutting tools, abrasive materials, and as a potential material for ultra-high-temperature applications.

  3. Zirconium Nitride (ZrN): This compound is used as a coating for tools, offering high resistance to corrosion, heat, and wear. Its golden hue makes it attractive for decorative coatings as well.

  4. Zirconium Silicate (ZrSiO₄): Mainly used in ceramics, including kitchenware and tiles, due to its resistance to thermal shock and chemical inertness. It’s also used in refractories and as an opacifier in glazes.

Basics on Zirconium-Wikipedia